Radiation Attitudes Scale for Health Care Staff
Abstract
Using the radiation-emitting devices consciously by health care staff will fairly reduce unnecessary radiation for patients. In this context, creating a positive attitude among the health care staff about radiation will positively affect public health. In this present study, a Likert type scale consisting of 18 items was developed to measure the attitude of health care staffs towards radiation. The scale prepared to cover the purpose of the study was shared on-line on the web page of the All Radiology Technicians and Technicians Association and scale data were gathered from 115 health care staff entirely voluntarily. The validity, reliability, and factor analyses of the scale of the collected data were performed with the statistical program. The developed scale had four factors and the 1st factor was determined as “The Radiation Knowledge of the Practitioner”; the 2nd factor as “Radiation Sensitivity of the Practitioner”; the 3rd as “Practitioner's Sensitivity to the Patient” and the 4th as “Practitioner’s Informing the Patient”. It is observed that the four-factored structure of the scale explained 64.5% of the total variance and the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient applied for the reliability of the whole of the scale was found as 0.914.References
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Awosan, K. J., İbrahim, M. T. O. & Saidu, A. S. (2016). Knowledge of radiation hazards, radiation protection practices and clinical profile of health care staff in a teaching hospital in Northern Nigeria. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 10, 7-12. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/20398.8394
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Aiken, L. R., & Aiken, D. R. (1969). Recent Research on Attitudes toward Science. Science Education, 53, 295–305. DOI: 10.1002/sce.3730530405
Alport, A.W. & Fishbein, M. (1967). Readlings In Attitude Theory and Measurement. Wiley, New York, ISBN: 047126055X 9780471260554, https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446802800336
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Authors. (2018). Evaluation of attitudes and knowledge of teachers regarding the concept of radiation. Education and Science, 43(194), 245-260. DOI: 10.15390/eb.2018.7034
Awosan, K. J., İbrahim, M. T. O. & Saidu, A. S. (2016). Knowledge of radiation hazards, radiation protection practices and clinical profile of health care staff in a teaching hospital in Northern Nigeria. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 10, 7-12. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/20398.8394
Bagozzi, R. P. (1981a). An examination of the validity of two models of attitude. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 16, 323-359. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr1603_4
Bagozzi, R. P. (1981b). Attitudes, intentions, and behavior: A test of some key hypotheses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41(4), 607-627. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.41.4.607
Berrington, G. A., Mahesh, M., Kim, K. P., Bhargavan, M., Lewis, R., Mettler, F. & Land, C. (2009). Projected cancer risks from computed tomographic scans performed in the United States in 2007. Archives of Internal Medicine, 169(22), 2071–2077. DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.440.
Blalock, C., Lichtenstein, M., Owen, S., Pruski, L., Marshall, C., & Toepperwein, M. (2008). In pursuit of validity: A comprehensive review of science attitude instruments 1935–2005. International Development of Physics Attitude Scale (PAS): An Instrument to Measure Students’ Attitudes. Journal of Science Education, 30(7), 961–977. DOI: 10.1080/09500690701344578.
Bloom, S. B. (1976). Human Characteristics and School Learning. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1478496
Booshehri, M., Ezoddini, A. F. & Nozari, H. (2012). Evaluation of dentists’ awareness about personal and patients national protection. Yadz dental office, Health, 4, 490-492. DOI: 10.4236/health.2012.48078
Brendan T. O’C. (2014). Statistical Text Analysis for Social Science. Doctor Thesis, Machine Learning Department School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA. http://brenocon.com/phdthesis/thesis.pdf
Briggs-Kamara, M. A., Okoye, P. C. & Omubo-Pepple, V. B. (2013). Radiation safety awareness among patients and radiographers in three hospitals in Port Harcourt. American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 4, 83-88. https://www.scihub.org/AJSIR/PDF/2013/1/AJSIR-4-1-83-88.pdf
Brown, N. & Jones, L. (2013). Knowledge of medical imaging radiation dose and risk among doctors. Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology, 57, 8-14. DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-9485.2012.02469.x.
Correia, M. J., Hellies, A., Andreassi, M. G., Ghelarducci, B., & Picano, E. (2005). Lack of radiological awareness among physicians working in a tertiary-care cardiological centre. International Journal of Cardiology 105, 307– 311. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.08.070
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Elgazzar A. H. (Ed.) (2006). The Pathophysiologic Basis of Nuclear Medicine, Second Edition ISBN 3-540-23992-8 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2006931132. p.540-548. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2462072557
Field, A. (2006). Research Methods II: Reliability Analysis, Sage Publications, London. ISBN: 0761944524.
Finestone, A., Schlesinger, T., Amir, H., Richter, E. & Milgrom, C. (2003). Do physicians correctly estimate radiation risks from medical imaging? Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, 58(1), 59-61. DOI: 10.3200/AEOH.58.1.59-62
Gardner, P. (1975). Attitudes to science: A review. Studies in Science Education, 2, 1–41. DOI: 10.1080/03057267508559818.
• Gauld, C. F., & Hukins, A. A. (1980). Scientific attitudes: A review. Studies in Science Education, 7(1), 129–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057268008559877
Günalp, M., Gülünay, B., Polat, O., Demirkan, A., Gürler, S., Akkaş. M. & Aksu, N M. (2013) Ionizing radiation awareness among resident doctors, interns, and radiographers in a university hospital emergency department. La Radiologia Medica, 119(6), 440-446. DOI: 10.1007/s11547-013-0374-8
Hair, J. F., William, C. B., Babin, B. J. & Rolph, E. A. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis, 7th Edition, Printed in the United States of America, Prentice Hall. USA, ISBN 13: 978-1-292-02190-4
Hair, J. F., Gabriel, M. L. D. S., Silva, D., & Junior, S. B. (2019). Development and validation of attitudes measurement scales: fundamental and practical aspects. RAUSP Management Journal, 54 (4), 490-507. DOI: 10.1108/RAUSP-05-2019-0098.
Jonassen, D., Schmidt, M., Easter, M., Marra, R. & Miller, R. (2007) Designing an Activity-based Curriculum for Radiation Protection Personnel, American Society for Engineering Education, 12(471), 1-13.
Kam. A (2005). Asurvey on doctors' awareness and attitude of radiation dose of imaging examination in Hong Kong. Thesis (M. Med. Sc.). The University of Hong Kong. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/51939
Keijzers, G. B. & Britton, C. J. (2010). Doctors’ knowledge of patient radiation exposure from diagnostic imaging requested in the emergency department. Medical Journal of Australia, 193(8), 450–453. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20955121
Lee, C. I., Haims, A. H., Monico, E. P., Brink, J. A. & Forman, H. P. (2004). Diagnostic CT scans: assessment of patient, physician, and radiologist awareness of radiation dose and possible risks. Radiology, 23,1393–398. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2312030767
Leech, N. L., Barrett, K. C. & Morgan, G. A. (2011). SPSS for Intermediate Statistics: Use and Interpredation. Fourth Edition, Taylor & Francis, New York, eBook ISBN: 9780203821848, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203821848.
Lewis, S. E., Shaw, J. L., Heitz, J. O., & Webster, G. H. (2009). Attitude Counts: Self Concept and Success in General Chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 86(6), 744-749. http://www.jce.divched.org/Journal/Issues/2009/Jun/abs744.html
Mathews, J. D., Forsythe, A. V., Brady, Z., Butler, M. W., Goergen, S. K., Byrnes, G. B., Giles, G. G., Wallace, A. B., Anderson, P.R., Guiver, T. A., McGale, P., Cain, T. M., Dowty, J. G., Bickerstaffe, A. C. & Darby, S. C. (2013). Cancer risk in 680, 000 people exposed to computed tomography scans in childhood or adolescence: Data link age study of 11 million Australians. British Medical Journal. 346(f2360), 1-18. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.f2360
McHorney, C. A., Ware, J. J. E., Lu, J. R. & Sherbourne, C. D. (1994). The MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): III. Tests of data quality, scaling assumptions, and reliability across diverse patient groups. Medical Care, 32(1), 40-66. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199401000-00004
Miller, R. W. (1968). Efects of ionizing radiation from the atomic bomb on Japanese children. American Academy of Pediatrics, 41, 257-263. Online ISSN: 1098-4275
Mohan, A. K., Hauptmann, M., Freedman, D. M., Ront, E., Matanoski, G. M. Lubin JH, Alexander, B. H., Boice, J. D. J., Doody, M. M. & Linet, M. S. (2003). Cancer and other causes of mortality among radiologic technologists in the United States. International Journal Cancer, 103, 259-267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.10811
Mojiri. M. & Moghambeigi, A. (2011). Awareness and attitude of radiographers towards radiation protection. Journal of Paramedical Sciences. 2, 2-5. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268382266
Myers, R. E., & Fouts, J. T. (1992). A cluster analysis of classroom environments and attitude toward science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 29, 929–937. DOI: 10. 1002/tea.3660290904.
Navarro, M., Fo¨rster, C., Gonza´lez, C., & Gonza´lezPose, P. (2016). Attitudes toward science: measurement and psychometric properties of the Test of science-related attitudes for its use in Spanish-speaking classrooms. International Journal of Science Education, 38(9), 1459–1482. DOI:10.1080/09500693.2016.1195 521.
Noto, Y., Ogura, N., Urushizaka, M., Kitajima, M., Nishizawa, Y., Ichinohe, T. & Yamabe, H. (2014). Development of the attitude scale on radiation emergency medicine for Japanese nurses and evaluation of its reliability and validity. The Journal of Radiological Society of Japan, 2(1), 3-11. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d6d6/6281f368418e688fbefe7297e5b748a97c24.pdf
O’Sullivan J, O’Connor, O. J. & O’Regan, K. Clarke, B., Burgoyne, L. N., Ryan, M. F. & Maher, M. M. (2010). An assessment of medical students’ awareness of radiation exposure associated with diagnostic imaging investigations. European Society of Radiology, 1(2), 86–92. DOI: 10.1007/s13244-010-0009-8
Pearl, R. E. (1973). The present status of science attitude measurement: history, theory and availability of measurement instruments. School Science and Mathematics, 73, 375–381. First published:May‐June 1974 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.1974.tb08914.x
Peterson, R. A. (1994). A meta-analysis of Cronbach´s coefficient alpha. Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 381–391. https://doi.org/10.1086/209405
Potvin, P., & Hasni, A. (2014). Interest, motivation and attitude towards science and technology at K-12 levels: a systematic review of 12 years of educational research. Studies in Science Education, 50(1), 85–129. DOI: 10.1080/03057267.2014.881626.
Prabhat, M., Sudhakar, S., Kumar, B. P., Ramaraju, D. (2011). Knowledge, attitude and perception (KAP) of dental under graduates and interns on radiographic protection- A question naire based cross-sectional study. Journal of Advanced Oral Research, 2(3), 45-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/2229411220110308
Prather, E. (2005). Students' beliefs about the role of atoms in radioactive decay and half-life. Journal of Geoscience Education. 53, 345-354. https://doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-53.4.345
Puri, S., Hu, R., Quazi, R. R., Voci, S., Veazie, P. & Block, R. (2012). Physicians’ and mid-level providers’ awareness of life time radiation attributable cancer risk from comm only performed CT-scan and its relationship to their practice behavior. American Journal of Roentgenology, 199, 1328-36. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.12.8581.
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Published
2020-12-01
How to Cite
YALÇIN, Paşa; EKINCI, Merve; ALTUN YALÇIN, Sema.
Radiation Attitudes Scale for Health Care Staff.
European Journal of Physics Education, [S.l.], v. 11, n. 3, p. 17-37, dec. 2020.
ISSN 1309-7202.
Available at: <https://eu-journal.org/index.php/EJPE/article/view/282>. Date accessed: 18 apr. 2024.
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